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background and objectives: pharmaceutical expenditures are responsible for a major part of health systems’ cost. according to the who’s statistics, iran is the first among the 20 countries in the world in terms of drug consumption. the first step in controlling consumption of a particular good is to identify factor inducing the relevant demands. hence, this study aimed to identify the pattern a...

background portugal has a strong tradition of conventional western healthcare. so it provides a natural case study for the relationship between complementary/alternative medicine (cam) and western medicine (wm). this work aims to test the relationship between cam and wm users in the diagnosis and treatment stages and to estimate the determinants of cam choice.   methods the forth portuguese nat...

background to estimate the total annual cost due to chronic hepatitis b (chb)-related diseases imposed on each patient and his/her family in iran.   methods economic burden of chb-related diseases (chb, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma) were examined. in this retrospective study, 100 iranian patients were identified to obtain their socioeconomic status, utilization (direct and indirect c...